The defense system of the human body is made up of entire organs and vessel systems like the lymph vessels, but also of individual cells and proteins. The inner and outer surfaces of the body are the first barriers against pathogens (germs). These surfaces include the skin and all mucous membranes, which form a kind of mechanical protective wall.
Several things support this protective wall:
<span><span>- The body’s own antibacterial substances can disable different pathogens from the environment at an early stage. A certain enzyme found in saliva, the airways and tear fluid destroys the cell walls of bacteria.
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- Many pathogens that are breathed in get stuck to mucus in the bronchi and are then moved out of the airways by hair-like structures called cilia.
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- Most pathogens that enter the body together with food are usually stopped by stomach acid.
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- Normal flora, harmless bacteria that reside on the skin and many mucous membranes in the body, also help to protect the body.</span></span>
The cough and sneeze reflex can also help to remove pathogens.
Hope this helps (:
<u>Answer:</u>
<em>Climate change positively affects organisms by </em><em><u>providing them new habitat.
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<u>Explanation:</u>
Climate change induces <em>changes in various parameters of an ecosystem </em>like temperature, precipitation, soil properties etc. habitats may undergo changes that make it unsuitable for native organisms to live in.
But this <em>new conditions</em> may be favourable for some other kind of organisms to thrive and flourish.
<em>For example, </em>when temperature of a lake increases due to climate change warm water aquatic organisms find a new habitat in the lake. But this threatens the life of <em>native cold water organisms of the lake. </em>
Thus climate change doesn’t bring any benefits to living world without harming one or the other <em>group of organisms.
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Answer:
A group of related parts that all work together to perform a specific function
Explanation:
<span>The cell theory is an explanation of what cells are and why they exist. The three main parts are: 1) All living things are made of cells and their products, 2) New cells are created by old cells dividing into two, and 3) Cells are the basic building units of life. In 1665, Robert Hooke observed, with the aid of a crude compound microsope, the structure of a thin slice of cork. The structure resembled stacks of hat boxes, or holding cells, so he called what he observed "cells". In 1674, Anton von Leeuenhoek observed, in a sample of pond water, small animal-like creatures swimming around. He probably was looking at Spyrogira, but he called these small organisms "animal-cules". Theodore Schwann and Matthias Schleiden are responsible for formulating the first two parts of the cell theory, which was a scientific explanation of what these scientists had observed up to this point. A few years later, Rudolph Virchow added the third part of the cell theory, that all things are composed of these basic building blocks called cells.</span>
