d. The mutation will be expressed only if the individual has two copies of the recessive allele.
<u>The four types of interactions in communities are:</u>
- Mutualism
- Parasitism
- Commensalism
- Competition
<u>Definition of each interaction:</u>
<em>Mutualism: </em>
The type of interaction in which both the species involved are benefited, it is called mutualism.
<em>Parasitism:</em>
The type of interaction in which one species is benefited, whereas the other is harmed, it is called parasitism.
<em>Commensalism:</em>
The type of interaction in which one species gets benefited without harming or providing benefits to others is called commensalism.
<em>Competition:</em>
The type of interaction in which both species lose is called competition. It is opposite of mutualism.
<u>Symbiotic relationship:</u>
It refers to the type of interaction in which lastly one species gets benefited. The type of interactions such as <em>mutualism, commensalism, and Parasitism </em>are considered as symbiotic relationship.
Answer:
The horses developed an oxygen debt when they exercise because they suffered from Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH).
Explanation:
A temporary shortage of oxygen in the body tissues during physical exertion such as exercise or a sudden burst of activity is referred to as oxygen shortage.
Horses (compared to humans) are uniquely designed to experience little or none of this.
When the body takes up oxygen, it reacts with glucose to produce energy. This is called Aerobic respiration.
There is also another procedure that the body uses to produce energy. This occurs when glucose is broken down in the cells. After this happens, lactic acid is created but cannot be stored in the body and must be expelled.
This interval when energy is produced without the presence of oxygen is called "oxygen debt".
When a horse is fit, its breathing quickly returns to normal. The longer the time taken for the breathing to return to normal, the less fit the horse is.
One of the factors that can reduce the fitness of a horse is the Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH).
This occurs when blood vessle in the lung ruptures causing blood to bleed into the airways. So blood occupies space where oxygen should have. This reduced the amount of oxygen delivered to the blood stream. Hence the oxygen debt takes longer to be repaid.
Cheers
Though I cannot write this essay for you, I can provide some information to get you started on the relationship between ancestry and evolution.
<h3 /><h3>How are ancestry and evolution related?</h3>
Ancestry and evolution share a close relationship in that we can use one to learn about the other. Evolution can be <u>traced </u>using ancestry. By analyzing the genetic information of ancestral species and using information gathered about the environment in which they lived, we can deduce the impact of evolution on said species. One possible example is that penguins used to be capable of flight, but given their mostly aquatic environments, have evolved wings more suited for swimming, and lost the ability to fly as a result.
Therefore, we can say that ancestry and genetic information can be used to support the theory of evolution by examining how two species can be very different but share a common ancestor, and evolution can explain these changes.
To learn more about evolution visit:
brainly.com/question/13492988?referrer=searchResults
