Answer: the county of Edessa (1097–1150); the principality of Antioch (1098–1287) this is for number 2
1. When Pope Urban had said these and very many similar things in his urbane discourse, he so influenced to one purpose the desires of all who were present that they cried out, ‘It is the will of God! It is the will of God!’’’
So wrote the monk Robert of Rheims in his Historia Hierosolymitana (‘History of Jerusalem’) during the early 1100s. Some years earlier, on 27 November 1095, Urban II preached a public sermon outside the town of Clermont in central France, summoning Christians to take part in the First Crusade, a new form of holy war. It was a carefully stage-managed event, in which the pope’s representative, the papal legate Adhémar of Le Puy, supposedly moved by the pope’s eloquence, tore up strips of cloth to make crosses for the crowds. Urban had been travelling through France accompanied by a large entourage from Italy, dedicating cathedrals and churches and presiding over reforming councils, and his proposed crusade was part of a wider programme of church reform. In March that year, at the Council of Piacenza, a desperate Byzantine emperor, Alexius I Comnenus, had pleaded for western help against the Seljuk Turks, whose conquests were decimating Byzantium and preventing Christians from reaching pilgrimage sites. Urban wanted to extend the hand of friendship to the Orthodox church and to heal the schism with Catholicism, which had gone from bad to worse since the time of his predecessor Leo IX.
We have a number of accounts of Urban’s speech, contemporary and later, although they differ somewhat in what they record. Yet we know that he called on knights to vow to fight in a penitential pilgrimage on Christ’s behalf, in a war to defend the Holy Land from Muslim oppressors, and that he used the Christian symbol of the cross as an emotive sign of commitment to the enterprise. Urban promised the crowds that crusading would not just benefit the church and European Christian society but their own souls, since all sins, past and present, would be wiped away through his dramatic promise of the ‘remission of sins’.
Explanation:
Do you know the store name and do you have an image
Answer:
The Clark's doll test study
Explanation:
Studies by Dr. Kenneth and Mamie Clark in the 1940s which was known as the doll test was cited by the Supreme Court in the decision which overturned separate but equal doctrine which was established in 1954 in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson.
The doll test was aimed at studying the psychological effect of segregation on African American children in which children between the ages of 3 to 7 were asked to identify the dolls they preferred and majority of them picked the white and attributed good qualities to it.
During the case between Brown and the Board of Education of Topeka, this experiment was cited by the Supreme Court in delivering their verdicts in favour of Brown prohibited segregation of black children in the education system.
The use of German U-boats force the allies change their tactics. The use of boats/ships to deliver weapons and troops were decreased and naval battles were avoided
