Transcription factors are necessary for an initiation of transcription at a regulated gene but not sufficient.
Transcription is the first step of gene expression in which DNA molecule is copied (transcribed) into RNA (mRNA) by RNA polymerase. The process of transcription is divided into three phases:
1. Initiation
• RNA polymerase with transcriptional factors bind to gene promoter Transcription factors can enhance the interaction between RNA polymerase and a DNA sequence- promoter, encouraging the expression of the gene. Such transcription factors are called activators. Otherwise, when the gene expression is inhibited, factors are called repressors and they bind to sequence –operator.
• RNA polymerase unwinds DNA double helix (transcription bubble is formed)
2. Elongation
• RNA polymerases adds nucleotides complementary to DNA
3. Termination
• RNA polymerase gets to stop codon (transcribes a sequence of DNA known as a terminator)
• Formed complementary RNA strand is released from DNA-RNA complex
Rough endoplasmic reticulum or RER for short.
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Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
Long term hunting has led to following
a) Reduction in population size and hence the gene pool
b) Causation of Bottleneck effect
Due to above factors, the remaining population of Northern elephant seals does not represent the original genetic problem.
Due to this restriction in mating and genetic variation shall prevail pertaining to reduced gene pool.
Due to continuous hunting, the gene pool will further shrink, leading to genetic similarity among the organism
Option C is correct
Answer:
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