East of the Rocky Mountains is the so called Midwest region in North America. This vast region is mostly consisted of lowlands covered with grasses, and they are bordered with mountain ranges on both the east and the west, which prevents the maritime influence.
Because of this natural barriers, this region has mostly continental air masses influencing its climate. In the colder period of the year they are continental polar air masses, forming over Canada and moving southwards. In the warmer period of the year they are continental tropical, forming in the southern part of this region and moving northwards.
This type of air masses bring in very hot and dry summers, and very cold and snowy winters.
B. gained control of vietnam cambodia and laos
Kievan Russia declined in the 12th century because of internal problems and the Mongol invasions. Around 1300, the Orthodox Church chose Moscow as its center. As a result, Moscow, originally a region of Russia, began to emerge as an important city. it is about 1000 mi or 2000 km
I believe the last leader or Czar of the Russian Empire before Lenin took control was Czar Nicholas II
I hope this helps :D