The answer is photosynthesis
Answer:
Carbohydrates, particularly glycoproteins act as ligands for cell surface receptors.
Explanation:
Glycoproteins
- Glyproteins are conjugate molecules comprising of carbohydrates conjugated with proteins.
- Glycoproteins play a vital role in cell-cell recognition, pathogen recognition and and cell adhesion.
- Glycoproteins on the surface of pathogens act as prominent antigens for the immune system.
Glycoproteins in Fertilization:
Several glycoproteins are attached to the surface of the zona pellucida, the envelope of the oocyte. In humans, these have been termed as ZP1-4.
Glycoprotein-sperm interaction is one of the most crucial steps in fertilization. This receptor-ligand interaction ensures the entry of the sperm into the zona pellucida, the extracellular coat, covered in glycoproteins that surrounds the oocyte or egg.
Carbohydrate binding proteins present on the surface of the sperm recognize the glycoproteins on the zona pellucida (ZP). This enables them to adhere to the surface of the ZP and also to gain access to the oocyte.
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is an X-linked inherited disease that caused progressive loss of muscle cells. When the muscle cells die, it will be replaced by fat or connective tissue. Typical microscopic changes that can be found microscopically would be the decreased number of muscle cells and the increased number of fat/connective tissue
Answer:
Radiation and mutations can cause changes in the DNA but there arent substances. Ribonucleic acids can cause errors if they match with the wrong acid.
The horned lizard can confuse a predator by shooting blood from it's eyes, with control over the height (up to 5ft) and the direction of the blood.