The inner membrane of mitochondria contains many proteins, has no pores and is very selective; It contains many enzyme complexes and transmembrane transport systems, which are involved in translocation of molecules. This membrane forms invaginations or folds called mitochondrial ridges, which considerably enlarge the surface for affixing these enzymes. In most eukaryotes, the folds form flattened partitions perpendicular to the mitochondrial axis, but some protists have a tubular or discoid shape. In the composition of the inner membrane there is a great abundance of proteins (80%), which are, moreover, exclusive of this organ, namely:
1. The electron transport chain, consisting of four fixed enzyme complexes and two mobile electron transporters:
- Complex I or NADH dehydrogenase containing flavon mononucleotide (FMN).
- Complex II or succinate dehydrogenase. Complexes I and II give electrons to coenzyme Q or ubiquinone.
- Complex III or cytochrome bc1 that yields electrons to cytochrome c.
- Complex IV or cytochrome c oxidase that gives off electrons to O2 to produce two water molecules.
2- An enzymatic complex, the H + ATP synthetase channel that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP (oxidative phosphorylation).
3- Carrier proteins that allow ions and other molecules to pass through the membrane, such as fatty acids, pyruvic acid, ADP, ATP, O2 and water. The following mitochondrial transporters may be highlighted:
- Adenine translocase nucleotide. It is responsible for transporting to the mitochondrial matrix the cytosolic ADP formed during the energy consuming reactions and, in parallel, translocates to the cytosol the newly synthesized ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
- Phosphate translocase. Cytosolic phosphate translocation together with the proton to the matrix; Phosphate is essential for phosphorizing ADP during oxidative phosphorization.
The codes to be reported in the given case are 94640, 94640 - 76, J7609 * 2, J44.1.
In the CPT index, when one looks for airway obstruction / Inhalation treatment / Non-pressured or pressured, then one is directed to 94640. Inhalation treatment was instructed therapeutically in treating the acute airway obstruction. Two treatments were given, so code 94640 is reported twice.
Under code 94640, there is a parenthetical instructing given to use modifier 76, in case if more than one inhalation treatment is done on a similar date. As the treatment is done urgently, that is, in the office, the physician uses albuterol, in the given case, two doses of albuterol is given, so J7609 is reported twice per dose. The diagnosis code for exacerbation is J44.1.
Answer:
D. Toy pulls on the child in the opposite direction
Explanation:
Newton third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that whenever an object 1 exerts a force (action force) on another object 2, object 2 exerts a force (reaction force) of equal magnitude but opposite direction on object 1.
According to this question, a child pulls a toy across the floor. Based on Newton third law described above, the toy will pull the child with an opposite force that is equal in magnitude. Hence, the equal and opposite force is: Toy pulls on the child in the opposite direction.
The macromolecule must be starch.
Explanation:
Starch is a polymer of Glucose joined by glycosydic bond.
Starch is the main energy storage substance in green plants.
Starches react with iodine and give a bluish black or black color and thus iodine test is considered as a confirmatory test for starches.
In this experiment ,the solution turns very dark black on addition of iodine so we can be sure that the solution contained starch.
