Explanation:
During respiration, the breakdown of glucose undergoes several steps in order to produce ATP, namely in glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
overall: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP
Further Explanation:
In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.
This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...
- Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules. (2 ATP are utilized for a net ATP of 2)
- The Citric acid or Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
- The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.
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Antagonsitic effect/interaction/response
In order to combat antiobiotic resistance, and to possibly enhance the activity of antibiotics, they are sometimes used in combinations during treatment. However, three possible responses or effects can manifest.
First is antibiotic synergy, where the combined effect of the antibiotics enhances the activity/potency of the treatment compared to when the antibiotics are administered singly.
The effect is also distinguished from another type of response, which is additive effect, where the combined effect of the antibiotics is more or less equal to the combined activity/potency of each of the antibiotic when applied singly. Antibiotic synergy results in even greater enhancement of the activity of the combined antibiotics compared to additive effect.
Lastly, there is the antagonistic effect or response, where the combined effect of the antibiotics results in the weakening of the potencies of the antibiotics relative to the combined (additive effect) potencies of each of the antibiotics.
Answer: B) G2
Explanation: G1) first gap phase; the cell grows larger and organelles are copied
S) synthesis phase; the cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus
G2) second gap phase; the cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis
M) mitosis phase; the cell divides its previously-copied DNA and cytoplasm to make two new, identical daughter cells.
So DNA replicates in S phase but then it moves to G2
Answer:
The correct answer is A. a rotating cloud of dust and gas.
Explanation:
Nebulae are regions of the interstellar medium (clouds) made up of gases (mainly hydrogen and helium) and dust. In other words, nebulae are concentrations of gas in which we find hydrogen, helium and stardust in greater quantities. They are structures that are actually very important for the universe, this because inside it is the place where stars are born, which arise due to the condensation and aggregation of matter. The nebular theory states that the Solar System reached the form current from a solar nebula (a gas cloud), more than 4.5 billion years ago. The large cloud of molecular gas was affected by a certain phenomenon that would have taken place in the vicinity. Like the explosion of a supernova or the passage of a star that would produce a strong gravitational impact. The result of this event made the matter agglomerate in different places. The high concentration of matter caused the nebula to collapse. Becoming a protostar, (bodies whose characteristic is to be surrounded by clouds and contain preplanetary matter inside), that is, gaseous matter in the outermost part and solid inward. At the core of this structure, the temperature is so dominant that nuclear reactions take place to compensate for the gravitational force. This leads to a hydrostatic equilibrium and the formation of a fundamental star: the Sun. The rest of the mass flattened, forming a protoplanetary disk where the protoplanets were being formed, which would evolve to become the current planets, their satellites and the others bodies of the solar system.
It is the scrotum, indeed.
