In England, the king appointed judges and could remove them at will, so judges had strong incentives to issue rulings that pleased the king to keep their jobs.
The Framers of the Constitution instead wanted an independent judiciary able to act as a buffer against an oppressive legislature or executive. As Alexander Hamilton argued in Federalist 78, the Framers granted federal judges life tenure to protect them from undue political influence: “In a monarchy it is an excellent barrier to the despotism of the prince; in a republic it is a no less excellent barrier to the encroachments and oppressions of the representative body.”
Life tenure is intended to allow judges to issue rulings that go against the majority or ruling elite without fear of retribution. And these protections are necessary: Federal judges routinely rule on the most important and controversial issues of the day and consider whether state and federal laws are constitutional, raising claims of “countermajoritarian” behavior by scholars and politicians alike.
Public criticism of judicial decisions is also nothing new: Newly inaugurated President Thomas Jefferson vehemently derided the 1803 case Marbury v. Madison, perhaps the most consequential Supreme Court decision, which ultimately established the power of judicial review, or the ability of courts to strike down laws as unconstitutional. Jefferson even tried to block the court from ruling on the case by canceling the court’s June 1802 term.
President Barack Obama famously criticized the justices of the Supreme Court for their ruling in Citizens United v. FEC while they sat silently at the 2010 State of the Union.
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Answer:
Omnipotent view of management
Explanation:
The almighty view of management is the classic manager is that they basically unlimited control over the organization and its purpose, functions, and operations, therefore, they alone are responsible for all its success and failure. This is called the omnipotent view of management.
- Managers are directly responsible for organization success and failure
- The quality of the organization depends on the quality of the manager.
- The performance of the manager influences the organization's goal.
<span>51,000 soldiers were killed in the Battle of Gettysburg.</span>
Answer:
They're both used as fuels
Oil is a fossil fuel, while wood is a renewable fuel.
Oil comes from the ground via remains of plants and animals, while lumber comes from trees.
As of recent years oil has been a lot more desirable
Lumber is much quicker to get ahold of
Explanation:
