The word biology comes from the Greek word <em>bios</em>, meaning life, and <em>logos</em>, meaning study.
Trisomy 21, as illustrated by the karyotype, is caused by nondisjunction. This occurs when chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis.
Answer is D) nondisjunction
Centromere
Meaning the most condensed and constructed region
So here we have two heterozygous organisms that will mate. You can put them into a Punnet square, just to be sure of your answers and to find all possible genotypes :
R r
R RR Rr
r Rr rr
So you have RR, Rr and rr as your possible genotypes.
I just learned this the metabolism has a reaction with the organism