A is not true, the rest are
I mean which lands? I'm not a Muslim but I'm Indian. Actually Europeans tried to control the lands that are very rich and that's what Asia is....the land of everything.
To draw a map of the round earth on a flat surface, Cartographers use map projections. There are several ways it can be done, but every type of projection distorts reality in some way. Scientists use a Tissot's indicatrix to quantify distortions that are introduced when creating a map
I hope I helped ^.^
I would say that the stirrup allowed for quicker mounting of the horse, and it may have caused horses to be used in battle more frequently.