<span>Cofactors are non protein chemical compounds. During DNA synthesis all DNA polymerases all share a two-metal ion-catalyzed polymerase mechanism. One of the metal ions attacks the primer hydroxly group, the second stabilizes the oxygen's negative charge. Magnesium ions are key to enzymatic reactions as they can generate magnesium-substrate scaffolds to which enzymes bond.</span>
Im not to sure but i thinks its pulmonary vein
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A sample of a specific species of microorganism was added to 100 mL of a liquid culture medium. ... The 1 mL of experimental culture medium was replaced by 1 mL of new sterile culture medium to maintain a constant volume.
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Biologists have tracked down genes that control the handedness of snail shells, and they turn out to be similar to the genes used by humans to set up the left and right sides of the body.
The finding, reported online in advance of publication in Nature by University of California, Berkeley, researchers, indicates that the same genes have been responsible for establishing the left-right asymmetry of animals for 500-650 million years, originating in the last common ancestor of all animals with bilateral body organization, creatures that include everything from worms to humans.
"Previous studies indicated that the methods for breaking left-right symmetry in animals seem to differ widely, so there was nothing suggesting that the common ancestor of humans, snails and other bilateral organisms had a common strategy for left-right asymmetry," said Nipam H. Patel, UC Berkeley professor of integrative biology and of molecular and cell biology, and an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
