It has significantly decreased
Te recomiendo el siguiente libro que te puede ayudar.
"La Sabiduría de las Finanzas. Descubre el lado humano en el mundo del riesgo y del rendimiento." El autor es Mihir A. Desai. Hay otro que te puede servir que se llama "El Pequeño Libro de los Altos Rendimientos con Bajo Riesgo. El autor es "Pim Van Vliet. Ambos hablan del los riesgos de las inversiones y los rendimientos en un mundo volátil.
La otra opción es que busques otros libros de Administración y Finanzas en donde venga el subtema de riesgos y rendimientos, aunque podrían no estar tan completos como el desarrollo que le dan al tema en los libros mencionados.
The company's external equity comes from those funds raised from public issuance of shares or rights. The cost of external equity is the minimum rate of return which the shareholders supply new funds <span>by </span>purchasing<span> new shares to prevent the decline of the market value of the shares. To compute the cost of external equity, we should use this formula:</span>
Ke<span> = (DIV 1 / Po) + g</span>
Ke<span> = cost of external equity</span>
DIV 1 = dividend to be paid next year
Po = market price of share
g = growth rate
In the problem, the estimated dividend to be paid next year is $1.50. The market price is $18.50 and the growth rate is 4%.
<span>Substituting the given to the formulas, we need to divide $1.50 by $18.50 giving us the result of 8.11% plus the growth rate; this would yield to the result of 12.11% cost of external equity.</span>
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Answer:</u></h3>
Gilberto plants a variety of trees, shrubs, and flowers in his yard. The landscaping beautifies the neighborhood. Due to this, a positive external will be generated.
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Explanation:</u></h3>
So basically Gilberto's planting is creating positive externality because negative externality is when the third party gets negatively affected by production or consumption. Production or Consumption of something, whether third party is directly or indirectly involved.
An example to explain this is smoking cigarettes, a person when smokes not only causes harm to his body but also other people who might not be related to him by passive smoking and also by causing air pollution. But when it comes to planting it is not possible for it to not generate any externality. In fact, it generates positive externality by contributing to the environment.
The correct answer is : Public
purchasing stock through Secondary market means that an investor could purchase the stock from other investors, ( usually through stock exchange)
currently, only Public corporations could sell their stocks in the stock exhange
