Confounding variables are stimuli other than independent variables that may affect the outcome of the study and lead to erroneous conclusions. These variables become a factor when researchers are unable to prevent or eliminate them. These variables can make the results found during experiments invalid because they do not reflect the original variables in the experiment or research.
Answer:
The correct answer is a. Humphreys used license plate numbers to target their homes and interview the men without disclosing the real subject of his study.
Explanation:
Laud Humphreys (1930-1988) was a sociologist who for his PhD dissertation wrote a study called <em>Tearoom Trade</em> (1968), where he studied the behavior of males who engaged in homosexual sex in public toilets. Humphreys made a series of discoveries, like finding out that most of the men who engaged in these practices were not openly or overtly homosexual, and even a majority of them (54%) were married. However, his research was widely criticized because of how he performed it. Humphreys acted out as a sort of look-out for the men in the toilets, but without disclosing his identity as a researcher. Moreover, <u>Humphreys followed the unwitting subjects of his study to their homes by </u><u>tracking their license plate numbers and interviewed them</u><u>, posing as a government health officer and hiding his true identity as a sociologist conducting research</u>. Lying to subjects and hiding from them that they're part of a study is frowned upon by the scientific community, so the research was widely controversial, and it's still brought up as an example of the ethics of social research.
They share the life and discipline of the order with ordained monks and serve in such capacities as teaching and farming. In Hinduism ... Some Eastern religions, especially Buddhism and Jainism, are primarily monastic.
From 1838 to 1841 enacted many refrains with the aim of improving economic.
The African countries lacked infrastructure and other technologies which were responsible for challenges in the African countries.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Even after getting independence, the African countries could not see much growth and development even though these countries were geographically rich in minerals and resources.
Because there were not much infrastructure available for the growth and development and moreover there was not much technology available for the development which could increase the productivity of those countries for increasing the goods manufactured and develop the economy by increasing the efficiency or effectiveness of the countries.
