I think that this question was asked by a bot made by brainly.
Answer:
The protein products of proto-oncogenes regulate the processes of cell division and growth.
Explanation:
The proto-oncogenes are the genes that code for the proteins involved in the regulation of cell division, growth, and differentiation. Certain mutations in these proto-oncogenes transform them into the oncogenes.
For example, the "erbB" gene code for receptor of epidermal growth factor which in turn regulates cell division in epidermal cells. The mutated erbB oncogene code for truncated receptor for epidermal growth factor which in turn makes the cell to divide continuously.
Hence, the proto-oncogenes are required by cells to regulate the processes of cell cycle, growth, and differentiation.
Answer:
Geographical isolation
Explanation:
The formation of new species by a small number of fruit flies colonized each new island. This mechanism is called geographical speciation or allopatric speciation.
The geographical speciation takes place when some members (biological populations) of the same species become isolated due to geographical changes such as mountain building or migration. Due to isolation, the organisms prevents two or more groups from mating with each other on regular basis. The gene flow between them is greatly reduced which eventually causing that formation of new species.
Answer:
it results in pleiotropic effect and caused death of an offspring.