Europeans looked to Africa for slaves because Africans were built to withstand warm weather - something the Europeans couldn't do. Africans can also work hard for long periods of time without getting tired. The Europeans wanted to establish colonies in the U.S and needed the Africans to do the work for them. They went about it in the wrong way. They took Africans forcefully and brought them to North America and the Caribbean by boat. They were in cages for the whole trip. The entire situation was inhumane. The Europeans treated the Africans badly. The transition to life in America was really rough for the Africans. They had to adjust to a new place, new people, and new treatment.
The answer is the second option "The Due Process Clause." The Due Process Clause was when every person deserved a free trial but the fourteenth amendment ratified it stating "deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law" and then making it a legal obligation for all states.
