I believe the answer is a. crossing over
Nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere during the nitrogen cycle in a process referred to as denitrification.
<h3>What is denitrification?</h3>
It is a process whereby nitrogen becomes mineralized from nitrogenous compounds. In other words, it is the reduction of nitrates to produce elemental nitrogen which is returned to the atmosphere.
Denitrification is a microorganisms-driven process. The nitrates are made to pass through a series of reactions with intermediate products before finally leading to the production of elemental nitrogen.
More on the denitrification process can be found here: brainly.com/question/13624886
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Acylhomoserine lactones used in quorum sensing regulate their own synthesis by an autoinduction system.
- Numerous bacteria use acyl homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs), significant intercellular signaling molecules, to track the density of their population for quorum-sensing control of gene expression. The LuxI family of proteins produces the signals in question.
- A lot of proteobacteria use quorum-sensing signals from acyl-homoserine lactones.
- Cells create a baseline amount of signal at low population densities, and when enough signal has accumulated in the environment, it binds to its receptor and activates quorum-sensing-dependent genes.
learn more about Acylhomoserine here: brainly.com/question/14452252
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Answer:
Hidrólisis y oxidación.
Explicación:
La hidrólisis y la oxidación son las reacciones que ocurren en el paso del alfacetoglutarato a succinato. En el quinto paso hay una hidrólisis del grupo tioéster de CoA en la que los átomos de los compuestos se rompen y luego sustituyen sus elementos miembros. Esta reacción de hidrólisis libera energía y se hace un ATP a partir de ADP. En el paso 6, succinato a fumarato es una oxidación para poner en el doble enlace significa que FAD se reduce a FADH2. Entonces podemos decir que la hidrólisis y la oxidación son las reacciones que ocurren en el paso de Alfacetoglutarato a succinato.