Answer:
The answer is jews, and Muslims strained, one less destructive effect was expansion of trade into the Mediterranean and middle east areas.
Explanation:
Although the crusades left relationships among christians, is jews, and Muslims strained, one less destructive effect was expansion of trade into the Mediterranean and middle east areas.
D.
I’m not sure what u want for the ‘1)’
I believe the answer is Mars Palisade
It is Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18 also know as the <em>elastic clause.</em>