Question

Which is a point mutation? frameshift insertion deletion missense

Answer 1

A missense mutation is a point mutation.

Further Explanation:

A point mutation is an alteration that only changes a single nucleotide of nucleic acid. It mainly involves the exchange of one base for another. It also includes deletions or insertions of a single nucleotide. As far, the point mutation is a common type of mutation.

Single base replacement can be divided into two:

• Transitions: It exchanges nucleotide from pyrimidine to pyrimidine and purine to purine.
• Transversions: It exchanges nucleotide from purine to pyrimidine.

When a point mutation affects the coding region, it can be allocated to one of the following group, according to the result of the mutation:

• Silent mutation: Mainly, it does not alter the related amino acid, and thus has no assessable effect on the genome.
• Missense mutation: it changes the related amino acid, and thus have an effect on the genome. If the properties of the amino acid (a charge, polarity, etc.) stay the same, then the transformation is called conservative, in which case it may not affect the protein's function. Also, the resultant mutation is called non-conservative, and it affects the protein function and end result in disease.
• Nonsense mutation: It exchanges the stop codon for a natural codon, that causes the protein's truncation. Generally, this shortening also leads to the loss of the protein's function.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: DNA repair and mutation

Keywords:  

Mis sense mutation, nonsense mutation, non- conservative, transition, transversion, purine, pyramidine, mutation, disease, codon.

Answer 2

The definition of a point mutation states that a mutations is a point mutation if it affects only one or few nucleotides in the DNA product. We have that DNA is read in frames of 3 nucleotides. If the starting point of one frame is changed, then all frames are changed because the frames are grouped by 3 nucleotides. We have that frameshift mutations not point mutations because a shift in the reading frame affects how the rest of the DNA is read. This is the case for insertion and deletion of a nucleotide; it changes the number of nucleotides and shifts the reading frame by 1. A missense mutation is a point mutation though; it involves substituting a nucleotide with a wrong one. It involves an error only in one place and it does not change the reading frame so it affects only one nucleotide.