<span>Total Incorporation was the theory that proposed the Fourteenth Amendment create a broad but undefined set of rights. However the theory was rejected in favor of Selective Incorporation and Total Incorporation has never been adopted by a majority of the U.S. Supreme Court.</span>
Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior.
→ she didn't want to go to school, made up an excuse and even got a prize for it (breakfast)
Primary reinforcement is a reinforcement that does not depend on previous learning (conditioning). They are generally used to meet basic needs, such as water and food. Its relationship was established based on phylogenesis.
→ she was afraid to go to school and made up an excuse
Reinforcement, or reinforcing stimulus, for behaviorism is the consequence of behavior that makes it more likely. The reinforcement can be positive (through the addition of a stimulus) or negative (through the removal of a stimulus).
Answer:
c. replication study.
Explanation:
Replication study: In research, the term "replication study" is denoting the repetition of a particular research study mainly with distinct participants and distinct situations, in order to describe if the primary findings of the "original study or research" can be implemented in other circumstances and participants.
Types:
Literal replication.
Construct replication.
In the question above, the given statement represents "replication study".
This is an example of spontaneous recovery.
There was no reason for Mia to stop sleeping when the light was turned off, but it happened. Similarly, even though there was no reason for her to manage to sleep with the lights off again, it happened as well. It was spontaneous, meaning that she didn't have to learn it all over again - it just happened.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Marbury v. Madison was a court case that resided with William Marbury being appointed by John Adams, but during the process of his commission, Thomas Jefferson became president, and he and Secretary of State James Madison, added new courts and new judges. William Marbury's commission was not delivered to him, therefore petitioning to the Supreme Court for a writ of mandamus compelling the delivery of his commission.
The Court found Madison's refusal to deliver commissions was illegal but did not grant Marbury a writ of mandamus. Instead, the court held that Marbury did not have the right, under the Judiciary Act of 1789, to claim to the Supreme Court that Madison's act was unconstitutional.
The court knew that a writ of mandamus would be the proper way to fix the situation, but concluded that the court couldn't issue it. Therefore making it clear that Congress did not have the power to modify the Constitution through regular legislation.
Doing this, the Supreme Court established the principle in judicial review and expanded the powers by having the power to declare a law unconstitutional.
Hope that helps your question.
