The 49ers are a football team they got their name when in California there was a giant gold rush and the gold miners who got to the gold first were called the 49ers
"<span>The effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. Whole indigenous societies were attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold-seekers, called "forty-niners" (referring to 1849). The first to hear confirmed information of the gold rush were the people in </span>Oregon<span>, the </span>Sandwich Islands<span> (</span>Hawaii<span>), and </span>Latin America<span>, and they were the first to start flocking to the state in late 1848. Of the 300,000 people who came to America during the Gold Rush, approximately half arrived by sea and half came overland on the </span>California Trail<span> and the </span>Gila River<span> trail; forty-niners often faced substantial hardships on the trip. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the </span>Gold Rush<span> attracted tens of thousands from </span>Latin America<span>, </span>Europe<span>, </span>Australia<span>, and </span>China<span>. Agriculture and ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers. </span>San Francisco<span> grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents in 1846 to a </span>boomtown<span> of about 36,000 by 1852. Roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. In 1849 a </span>state constitution was written<span>. The new constitution was adopted by referendum vote, and the future state's interim first governor and legislature were chosen. In September 1850, California became a state."</span>
The direction of control over time gradually shifts from farmer to marketer and finally the direction of control of what is to be produced and at what price is reversed.