Answer:
a. The directionality of the complementary strand is antiparallel. The double-stranded DNA is antiparallel comprising two strands, which run alongside each other, however, point in reverse directions. In a double-stranded molecule of DNA, the 5 prime ends of one strand align with the 3 prime ends of the other strand, and vice versa.
b. The mediation of base pairing is done by non-covalent hydrogen bonds. It is reversible, that is, the strands can separate and can come combined again without any chemical modification.
The specificity of base pairing is illustrated by hydrogen bonds that is, the first strand produces hydrogen bonds only with a particular base in the second strand, and these two bases produce a base-pair.
c. The interaction or association of non-covalent type, that is, hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. Collectively, they both are strong. In the process, one base associate with the other base on the complementary strand.
d. The phosphate backbone possesses the tendency to associate with water on the outside of the molecule, and this is favorable chemically as both the strands are held together by hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction.
The polar molecules of sugar can produce hydrogen bonds with the surrounding molecules of water. The negatively charged phosphate group associate with the positively charged ions. The nonpolar nitrogen bases are found within the molecule and associate favorably through stacking interactions.
Answer:
The main difference is that the geocentric has the Earth at the center, and the heliocentric has the sun at the center.
Answer:
During the industrial revolution in England, the soot from the coal burning factories started dominating the environment. The trees were also darkened as a result and the light-bodies moths that were able to blend with the light-coloured lichens and tree barks were in danger due to their predation by the birds. This lead to the rapid decrease in the light-colored moths. As a result, the moths got adapted to the blackened trees with their transformation into dark-coloured moths which Increased rapidly. This was because the allele for the dark-bodied moths is dominant and the allele for the light-bodied moths is recessive. Since birds would find and eat the light-bodied moths, dark-coloured moths increased as a result of natural selection. Thus, these moths with a favorable adaptation to the change in the environment were selected and they reproduced new offspring.
Explanation:
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