Answer:
Molecular genetic approaches to the study of plant metabolism can be traced back to the isolation of the first cDNA encoding a plant enzyme (Bedbrook et al., 1980), the use of the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells (Hernalsteens et al., 1980) and the establishment of routine plant transformation systems (Bevan, 1984; Horsch et al., 1985). It became possible to express foreign genes in plants and potentially to overexpress plant genes using cDNAs linked to strong promoters, with the aim of modifying metabolism. However, the discovery of the antisense phenomenon of plant gene silencing (van der Krol et al., 1988; Smith et al., 1988), and subsequently co‐suppression (Napoli et al., 1990; van der Krol et al., 1990), provided the most powerful and widely‐used methods for investigating the roles of specific enzymes in metabolism and plant growth. The antisense or co‐supression of gene expression, collectively known as post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), has been particularly versatile and powerful in studies of plant metabolism. With such molecular tools in place, plant metabolism became accessible to investigation and manipulation through genetic modification and dramatic progress was made in subsequent years (Stitt and Sonnewald, 1995; Herbers and Sonnewald, 1996), particularly in studies of solanaceous species (Frommer and Sonnewald, 1995).
Answer:
Glucose entering the intestines from the villus.This is by active transport.The latter is defined as the movement of molecules and solutes from the region of lower concentration to the region of higher concentration against the concentration gradient.
Explanation:
All the above options depends on the diffusion gradients from one higher region to another.e.g oxygen passing from high concentration from outside to lower concentration in blood stream,like wise Co2 from higher concentration from inside to outside,with passive diffusion lipids and water enter the small intestine(note amino acid and glucose,and fructose are different).
Active transport( through sodium dependent transporter) transports glucose to the intestine from the villus.This is movements against concentration gradient because,glucose molecule are concentrated in intestine,and needed by the cells, in the body.Therefore they must be transported as a fast rate inn the blood .
However the absorption by the villi is very slow,therefore active transport is needed to move these against the concentration gradient into the intestine.And finally the blood.
If this were to be moved by passive diffusion,the high concentration in the intestine will force this back into the villi
Therefore extra energy is needed by active transport for the glucose molecules to enter the intestine from the villus.
Answer:
D.more extreme rainfalls
Explanation:
that would be my guess...
hope this helps!!! :)
Hi!
The correct answer is: <u>a need for a professional who understands human behavior</u>
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<u>Explanation:</u>
An anthropologist is a person who specializes in the study of human behavior and its various aspects, in present and past cultures and time periods. The reason for calling an anthropologist to a forensic scene is that there is a need to understand the circumstance that influenced the situation or settings, the components of the scene associated with routine, why things might be displaced because behavior influences the action, and to understand how the event unfolded and why, the reason and behavior must to be accounted for
Hope this helps!
