Question

A researcher analyzes homicide patterns for major cities in the United States and finds that, in general, southern cities (e.g., Atlanta, New Orleans, Birmingham) have higher murder rates than northern cities (e.g., New York, Omaha, Seattle). This pattern holds true, even when she controls for population differences (so it is not due to more people living in northern cities). Based on this data, she develops a theory that a greater "culture of violence" in the south produces higher murder rates. In this case what type of logic has she used?

Answer 1

Answer:

Inductive

Explanation:

Inductive reasoning is the opposite of deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning creates wide conclusions from certain observations, just as in this case study, the rate of murder. Majorly, there is data (in our case study- This pattern holds true, even when she controls for population differences (so it is not due to more people living in northern cities)), then generalizations are made from the data (from our case study--greater "culture of violence" in the south produces higher murder rates). This is often referred to as inductive logic, according to Utah State University. 

"In inductive inference, there is a shift from an actual one to general form. We make many notations, create a pattern, make a conclusion, and create an explanation or a theory," Wassertheil-Smoller told Live Science. "In science, there is a constant interconnection among inductive inference (based on notations) and deductive inference (based on theory), until we arrive in proximity to the 'truth,' by not just approaching but to be able to prove with total certainty." 

Another instance of inductive logic is, "when a person pulls out a coin from a bag and it happened to be a penny. On reaching out the second time, the person also picked a penny, and at the third time, a third coin from the bag is also a penny. It will bring the person to make a generalization that all the coins in the bag are pennies."

Even if the entire premises are correct in a statement, inductive reasoning permits for the generalization to be false. Another example "Semai is a grandmother. Semai is bald. Therefore, all grandmothers are bald." The generalization does not comply logically from the statements.

Answer 2

Answer: Inductive logic

Explanation: . An inductive logic is described a system for reasoning that derives plausible or credible conclusion about a matter, an experiment or an event, which are not guaranteed to be certain or accurate.

An inductive logic is also expressed as the system of inference that explains the correlation between propositions on data of an event and propositions that extend beyond the frame of the data of that event or experiment, such as predictions over potential future data.

Therefore, Inductive logic enhances many auspicious developments in the procedure to understand many cognitive abilities of human.

Conclusively, based on the data the aforementioned researcher gathered, she develops a theory that a greater "culture of violence" in the south produces higher murder rates, which is a proposition (presumably not certain) of the event happening in the southern cities.