Members of one kind of organism in a ecosystem are called a population.
The answer is A, Chemical to Mechanical.
Hope I helped!
This picture represents humoral immunity, please read through it, and if you dont understand which option is your answer then i would recommend you read more about this topic, if you want it to be done fast, you can read this http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/biology/immunity/revise-it/the-third-line-of-defence
I hope you can come up with the answer on your own as it will be a good thing for you in your future exams :)
Surely i can help you if you dont understand something so just ask :D
Answer:
Covalent bonds appear inside every linear chain and connect bases, sugars, and phosphate groups.
Hydrogen bonds appear between two strands and involve the base from one strand with the base from another strand in the complementary pairing.
Explanation:
A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by joining electrons of two non-metal atoms into one or more common pairs.
A hydrogen bond (X-bond) is a type of weak chemical bond based on electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom and a nucleophilic atom that contains free electron pairs.
Answer:
increase
Explanation:
As water and ions are lost through exercise, overall blood volume can decrease. To maintain adequate blood volume and blood pressure, renin is secreted to help in the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This will cause vessels to constrict and sodium and water to be retained by the kidneys.