The immediate consequence of the Reconquista was the conquest of all remaining Muslim political polities and their entailing territories by Spanish Roman Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. Subsequently, Spain became increasingly potent as a dominant world military, naval and colonial power.
Muslims had been living on the Iberian Peninsula since 711 A.D. and interactions between the major religions of Christianity, Judaism and Islam, while sometimes violent and intolerant, had also been both culturally and intellectually productive. But by the 15th century, much of the peninsula had been re-conquered by Catholic forces, leaving the relatively weak and often fractured Nasrid state of Grenada as the only remaining Muslim polity. By 1492, that too had been vanquished, leaving Isabella and Ferdinand with virtually unquestioned dominion.
While the events of 1492 eventually helped to further unite Spain under a single ethno-religious identity, it also meant disaster for members of those minority religions previously protected under Muslim rule and then, to varying degrees, under Christian rule as well. Most importantly, 1492 marked the dramatic expulsion of all remaining Spanish Jews, the Sephardim, who were robbed of most their property and given the choice of either leaving or death.
With the religious zeal fostered by the Reconquista, Spain's monarchy zealously embarked on continued exploration and colonization projects, beginning with the Columbus expedition financed in 1492. Subsequent territorial acquisitions captured most of South and Central America for Spain, along with their raw materials and precious metals. The latter, in particular, ultimately made early modern Spain wealthy.
<u>He threatened to resign. </u> Finally after several weeks of intense student protests and threats, the rector decides to resign forced for having done very little on the subject of racism and other unpleasant incidents on campus. The chancellor who supervises the university will also resign. This achievement is a victory for student activists.
Presidential power an extend beyond the Constitution when it is best for the nation
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The technological and industrial history of the United States describes the United States' emergence as one of the most technologically advanced nations in the world. The availability of land and literate labor, the absence of a landed aristocracy, the prestige of entrepreneurship, the diversity of climate and large easily accessed upscale and literate markets all contributed to America's rapid industrialization. The availability of capital, development by the free market of navigable rivers and coastal waterways, as well as the abundance of natural resources facilitated the cheap extraction of energy all contributed to America's rapid industrialization. Fast transport by the very large railroad built in the mid-19th century, and the Interstate Highway System built in the late 20th century, enlarged the markets and reduced shipping and production costs. The legal system facilitated business operations and guaranteed contracts. Cut off from Europe by the embargo and the British blockade in the War of 1812 (1807–15), entrepreneurs opened factories in the Northeast that set the stage for rapid industrialization modeled on British innovations.
After ten centuries of wars, defeats, and victories, the Byzantine Empire came to an end when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in May 1453. The city's fall sent shock waves throughout Christendom. It is widely quoted as the event that marked the end of the European Middle Ages.
