Checks and balances, kind of like the government here. The Judicial branch regulates the Legislative and Executive branches, the Legislative branch monitors the Executive and Judicial, and the Executive branch monitors the Legislative and Judicial.
Ahmose is the pharaoh who drove the Hyksos out of Egypt.
A: direct quotations, because they come directly from the text.
I think the answer is the Columbian Exchange.
I hope this helps :)