Validity is the factor that defines logical and factual reasonableness behind any process or event.It determines working of any event or object is same as the intent that a object,.Thus, authenticity and correctness of any situation is based on validity.
According to the question, validity is absent in the scenario of examination because as per syllabus chapter 11 and 12 were supposed to be covered but chapter 13 and 14 were actually covered by examination .This determines that there is no logical reason behind this happening and it lacks authenticity.
Companies were failing to sell their goods in the United States, and they needed foreign consumers. Companies could sell manufactured goods inside the United States and overseas, increasing profits.
