Answer:
A. If the aerobic pathway—cellular respiration—cannot meet the energy demand, then the anaerobic pathway—lactic acid fermentation—starts up, resulting in lactic acid buildup and "oxygen debt."
C. After about 90 seconds of intense exercise, the muscles become depleted of oxygen, and anaerobic respiration can no longer function to produce ATP, resulting in "oxygen debt."
Explanation:
There are two sources of carbohydrates in the human's body for energy (ATP) production. 1) Creatine phosphate and 2) Glycogen. Creatine phosphate metabolizes easily and yields ATP quickly. Whereas glycogen is stored form of carbohydrate which yields energy more slowly. Therefore, initially, our bodies use creatine phosphate and then shift to glycogen. Within 60-90 seconds, the creatinine phosphate in the body is mostly utilized and then energy is produced by the use of glycogen in aerobic pathway. During areobic pathway, oxygen supply is sufficient and per cycle, it produces 32 molecules of ATP. However, when oxygen supply is limited or absent, the body will metabolize glycogen to lactic acid via fermentation and produce only 2 molecules of ATP.
Now consider the example: Kenny hikes all day at a steady pace therefore the supply of oxygen is sufficient for aerobic cellular respiration for ATP production. In this scenario, the oxygen debt is minimal and Kenny relies on aerobic respiration pathway to obtain energy. On the other hand, Janelle runs fast (100 meters in 13.5 seconds) and her cellular respiration would be on the compense of aerobic pathway initially which will be shifted to anaerobic pathway after the supply of oxygen is reduced/minimum. Janelle will heavily rely on the anaerobic pathway because running fast needs energy which cannot be provided via aerobic pathway easily. Therefore, Janelle's body will produce lactic acid and suffer from oxygen debt.
The Emergency Severity Index is a 5 level emergency department triage being maintained by the AHRQ. Among the victims of the car accident here is the order in which they should be seen by a healthcare provider. First, an adult with a laceration with severe bleeding. Second, an adult having 30 breaths per minute respiration with a history of asthma. Third, an older adult confuse yet with normal vital signs and lastly is a child with lacerations on arms as well as in the legs.
B hope this helps a lot :)
The definition of Epistasis in gene biology is Choice D: when the allele of one gene masks the phenotype of another gene
Definition:
When the phenotypic effect of alleles at one gene are masked by alleles of another gene.
In essence, a gene is said to be epistatic when its presence suppresses the effect of a gene at another locus.
It is important to know that Epistatic genes are often called inhibiting genes because of their effect on other genes which are described as hypostatic.
Additionally, there are six common types of epistasis gene interactions:
- Polymeric gene interaction,
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