Stage 2 because thats when it starts to form like a rope apperance
I'm not so good at science but I believe just from the Internet and common sense that it could be found in Hawaii, Yellowstone, Iceland, and (not completely sure for last one) but maybe Pompeii. I know the first 3 are most likely correct but I'm not completely sure about Pompeii. Just look it up, lol
The moon. Gravity between the Earth and the Moon causes water to bulge out.