I believe it is the second option
b.) Europe has been deeply affected by Christianity, Africa by Christianity and Islam, and Asia mainly by Hinduism and Buddhism.
do you mean the?
The Articles created a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the state governments. The need for a stronger Federal government soon became apparent and eventually led to the Constitutional Convention in 1787.
Somme = more than 1 million men
Verdun = around 700,000 men
Ypres = around 850,000 casualties and 325,000 british soldiers died