Nitrogen Cycle steps:
N molecules breaking apart via nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Animals ingest nitrogen in nitrate-containing food after plants use nitrogen-containing compounds.
The organic matter decays via decomposers
N2 is formed via denitrifying bacteria.
Explanation:
The nitrogen-fixing bacteria removes atmospheric nitrogen by fixing nitrogen through nitrification. The atmospheric nitrogen cannot be absorbed by plants and hence has to be converted into nitrates. This conversion takes place by nitrifying bacteria present in leguminous plants.
Animals (herbivores) consume the plants that have absorbed nitrogen/
When these animals die, decomposing bacteria acts on the dead organic matter, decomposition takes place through ammonification, converting the organic nitrates into ammonia
The nitrates are converted back again to nitrogen by the action of denitrifying bacteria.
The nitrogen thus formed is released to the atmosphere
Chloroplasts:<span> organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that help photosynthesis.</span>
It is impossible as there is a loss of energy between the transfer of energy between flogs and <span>mosquitoes. This ecosystem would never be sustainable or in equilibrium. There is also no primary producer within this ecosystem. No ecosystem can exist without some initial source of energy that would be obtained using solar or chemical energy. For terrestrial ecosystems, plant primary producers would normally provide the initial energy into the ecosystem. </span>
Answer:
OH, H2O2 and O−2
Explanation:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be defined as highly reactive chemical compounds formed from molecular oxygen (O2). ROS are generated as a normal product of cellular metabolism, and also as a response to different environmental/internal cellular stimuli (e.g., cytokines, xenobiotics, pathogenic invasion). For example, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are a type of ROS generated in the mitochondria which are capable of inducing oxidative stress in different cells and also trigger chronic inflammation. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules represent another type of ROS which are produced during the stereoselective deamination of amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. These molecules (H2O2) exhibit toxic effects on the cell (e.g., DNA damage). Finally, singlet oxygen (1O2) is an excited state of molecular oxygen (O2) that is generated during photosynthesis in the photosystem II (PSII) of chloroplasts.
