The correct answer is B) Holding nonviolent marches.
The civil rights movement was a social movement in the US that was focused on gaining legal, social, political, and economic equality for African American citizens. In order to change the current institutions, African American citizens held nonviolent marches to show their displeasure with laws that limited their rights. A perfect example of this would the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. This march lead by Martin Luther King Jr. resulted in the famous "I have a dream speech."
The major criticism of the Catholic Church put forward by the Protestants during this time was that the Church had "lost its way" and become too focused on pageantry than on truly serving God.
The artists during the Middle ages were influenced by the teachings of the Church and their art focused more on religious figures and themes. The intelectual philosophy of humanism affected the Renaissance artists with the belief of man being the center and not God. Even in paintings of a religious figure, the focus was on man.
This is Hemingway's belief that issues should be dealt with stoically and heroically. This can be seen in The Old Man and the Sea in the way the man never gives up and fights the Fish with all that he's got.
