We can be sure that ancient civilizations knew of and were concerned about infectious diseases from several facts. The hunter gatherers rarely suffered from water borne diseases. They knew that the water that stank or did not taste well was not good to intake. Their main knowledge came from experience. During the Greek period several doctors like Alcmaeon of Croton were mentioned and hence they must have had the knowledge about infectious diseases like Cholera. Several other infectious disease treatment have also been mentioned during the Greek period.
The following year, the Directory, the five-person group that had governed France since 1795, offered to let Napoleon lead an invasion of England. Napoleon determined that France's naval forces were not yet ready to go up against the superior British Royal Navy.
The battle of Poitiers---better known as the battle of Tours 732 CE. The franks obviously prepared to resist the muslims so their victory indicates they viewed muslim expansion into europe as a threat.
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The discoveries of Galileo and other scientists posed a threat to major tenets of the Church´s doctrines and its position. Let´s look at it in this way: The Church maintained that Earth is the center of our system because it was God´s creation. It is implied that the Church of God is at the center of the whole system. So, if Earth was not the center of our solar system, as Galileo stated following his findings, if the planet orbits the Sun, then the Church is not at the center of our known universe and its position is questioned.
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