Answer: The correct Answer is B.F. Skinner.
Explanation:
B. F. Skinner is considered to be one of the most influential figures in the field of psychology of the 20th century. He was the precursor of the principle of reinforcement which is one of the key elements of the concept of operant conditioning.
Skinner considered and tested that all human actions "including the act of thinking" were directly influenced or were consequences of previous actions. Hence, human behavior is learned.
In this particular case, the text suggest that human beings have developed certain response tendencies and that we demonstrate certain consistent behavior patterns. In other words, that we learn to behave in particular ways which as we can see is one of the main ideas of B. F. Skinner.
<span>Mr. Tulley is developing autonomy and skills in research in his students. By allowing them the free will to choose their topics, he is instilling confidence and passion, particularly if the students are learning about a topic in which they already have an interest. In expanding their knowledge base on a subject, encouraging the development of ideas, and trying different learning outcomes, Mr. Tulley is using reward based motivation.</span>
Sulla was the first Roman general to march his army into the city of Rome. His decision to march on Rome and seize control affected the future of the Roman Republic. Several years later, Julius Caesar similarly marched into the city, then assumed a dictatorship. Caesar claimed that he had been inspired by Sulla. While Sulla eventually restored the Republic, Caesar’s march was viewed as bringing an end to the Republic and setting the stage for imperial Rome.
Once clients are engaged actively in treatment, retention becomes a priority. Many obstacles may arise during treatment. Lapses may occur. Frequently, clients are unable or unwilling to adhere to program requirements. Repeated admissions and dropouts can occur. Clients may have conflicting mandates from various service systems. Concerns about client and staff relationships, including setting appropriate boundaries, can compromise care. Intensive outpatient treatment (IOT) programs need to have clear decisionmaking processes and retention strategies to address these and other circumstances.
This chapter discusses common issues that IOT programs face and offers practical approaches to retaining clients in treatment. Experience has taught IOT clinicians that every problem can have many solutions and that the input and ideas of colleagues lead to creative approaches and solutions. The chapter presents specific scenarios and options from clinical practice and experience for clinicians to consider, modify, or implement.