It made Massachusetts a royal colony rather than under the control of Puritan "saints."
#1 B. Europe
#2 A. The New Mexico Desert
#3 C. 75,000
#4 A. leukemia
#5 B. Truman
Precedent that must be applied or followed is known as binding precedent (alternately metaphorically precedent, mandatory or binding authority, etc.). Under the doctrine of stare decisis, a lower court must honor findings of law made by a higher court that is within the appeals path of cases the court hears.