they were treated different because, to people who found the US were from Europe not Asia
The first sentence although I believe the last one is also correct.
I believe it's A.) A means of communication. It depends on what you're using it for in a sentence. Hope this helps! :))
The Congress shall have Power ... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.
b.) Denied powers