U-Boat attacks affected fighting on land by being able to strike fire onto land before sending troops to fight on the beaches.
In Western Europe, the war was largely a stalemate as a result of extensive trench warfare that gave the defenders a massive advantage during battles. In Russia, however, the monarchy was overthrown by rebels, who then negotiated peace and surrendered large chunks of land to the Germans, allowing them to concentrate all their troops and resources to the Western Front.
The answer is A, each is nominated by his or her respective party
