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Hull House was a house sentiment belonging to the settlement movement of the United States that was founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. Located on the Near West Side of Chicago (Illinois), Hull House (named after the first owner of the original house, Charles Jerald Hull) opened its doors to newly arrived European immigrants. In 1911, Hull House had grown to 13 buildings. In 1912, the Hull House complex was completed with the addition of a summer camp, Bowen Country Club. With its innovative social, educational and artistic programs, Hull House became the standard bearer of the movement that had grown, in 1920, to almost 500 settlements nationwide.
Addams followed the example of Toynbee Hall, which was founded in 1884 in the East End of London as a center for social reform. He described Toynbee Hall as "a community of university men" who, while living there, celebrated their recreational clubs and social gatherings in the settlement house among the poor and in the same style they would have in their own circle. Addams and Starr established Hull House as a settlement house on September 18, 1889.
In the 19th century, a women's movement began to promote education, autonomy and access to female occupations traditionally dominated by men. Organizations run by women, united by the brotherhood, were formed for social reform, including settlement houses in the working class and slums, such as Hull House. To develop "new roles for women, the first generation of new women wove the traditional forms of their mothers into the heart of their brave new world." Social activists, often single, were led by educated women.
