I don’t see the passage you want us to read. Sry.
Answer:
An objective statement is a concise, position-centered statement describing the value you can add and the needs you can fulfill. An objective may include a brief statement of skills and qualifications you will bring to a position. A professional summary is longer and provides more detail than an objective statement.
Q2. Im not sure but probably refracting since that would bend light coming in and make objects appear bigger,
Also sorry to hear that no one answers you questions.. :(
8. b. comparison
9. b. comparison and/or contrast
10. d. time order
11. c. on vacation
12. b. there might be no yellow handkerchief on the tree
13. true