Ferlinghetti begins expressing how San Francisco's quality of light is unique by comparing it to the light in other parts of the World. He says that it is different from the light on the east coast or in Paris. He then specifically tells The reader what differentiates the light in San Francisco from these other places by giving landmarks around San Francisco, and describing how they look in the light. He describes different times of day, but the lighting is like, so that the reader can get a vivid image of the lighting and how/why it is unique.
Asia is home to some of the most diverse habitats in the world, both above and below the water, but it is estimated that more than one in three species are endangered
A prepositional phrase is a modifying phrase which includes a preposition (in this case, "over") and the object of the preposition (in this case, "the mantelpiece.")