The large Palestinian population of refugees in the Middle East resulted in the Arab-Israeli War. It is a common fact that the Israeli's and the Palestinians are already rivals in their rich pasts. It was said that the incident is one of the primary causes of the war in which it happened during the 15th of May 1948 until early 1949.
Western Christians accepted the authority of the pope in Rome
I'm not completely sure on this one, but I would say the Colonists, because it was about granting them freedom and independence. Hope this helped!
-TTL
1 mm = 0.0001m
450 x 0.001 m = 0.45 meters