Ectopic focus or ectopic pacemaker happens when an excitable group of cells outside the normal sinoatrial node causes premature heartbeat. Sinoatrial node (SA node) is the pacemaker of the heart. Most people experience ectopic focus but persistent occurrence may need the client/patient to visit the doctor. If a client or patient complains of ectopic focus, it is better to consider his/her activity before visiting the clinic. Ask, for example if the client/patient had a vigorous exercise because it might be causing the irregular heartbeat, how often is he/she experiences such irregularity in his/her heartbeat (acute ectopic foci is usually non-life threatening, however, chronic type requires medical help), his/her lifestyle (he/she might be using illegal drugs, smokes and/or drinks alcohol,had too much coffee etc). Again, history taking is very vital.
The ecological effects of acid rain are most clearly seen in aquatic environments, such as streams, lakes, and marshes where it can be harmful to fish and other wildlife. As it flows through the soil, acidic rain water can leach aluminum from soil clay particles and then flow into streams and lakes.
