Answer:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// main function
int main() 
{
// variables
    double mexico = 114;
    double usa = 312;
    double mexicoRate = .0101;
    double usaRate = .0015;
// calculate population after every year until mexico population exceed the usa populationn
    while (usa>mexico)
    {
// print the population
        cout<<"Mexico's population ::"<<mexico<<" million."<<endl;
        cout<<"USA's population ::"<<usa<<" million."<<endl;
// update the population
        mexico+=mexico*mexicoRate;
        usa-=usa*usaRate;
    }
 
return 0;
}
Explanation:
Declare and initialize mexico and usa with their initial population.Also declare and initial their increase and decrease rate.Find the population of both the  country each year until mexico population exceeds the usa population.
Output:
Mexico's population ::114 million.                                                                                          
USA's population ::312 million.                                                                                            
Mexico's population ::115.151 million.                                                                                      
USA's population ::311.532 million. 
.
.
.
Mexico's population ::270.546million.                                                                                      
USA's population ::274.213 million.                                                                                        
Mexico's population ::273.278million.                                                                                      
USA's population ::273.802 million.