Specific monoclonal antibodies are produced by hybridoma cells, which form when B lymphocytes and myeloma cells combine.
<h3>How are hybridoma cells produced and give rise to monoclonal antibodies?</h3>
Hybridoma or phage-display technology can be used to make monoclonal antibodies. In order to elicit an immunological response, a mouse is first immunized using a specific antigen in hybridoma technique. In hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) media, B cells from the spleen of the immunized mice are isolated and united with myeloma cells that have undergone immortalization. Myeloma cells are specifically chosen to be HAT-sensitive and non-antibody secreting. Hybridomas, the resulting fusion product, secrete antibodies and are immortal.
Unfused B cells also perish since they are not immortal and cannot survive in the HAT mixture with unfused myeloma cells. Then, these hybridomas are diluted into single cell wells and put through an antibody screening process. These cloned B cells generate particular monoclonal antibodies.
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Answer:the answer is 12 and 13
Explanation: You count the A and T together, which is 12, then you count the G and C together which is 13. I just took this on my test and got it correct
1. Cellular respiration does not consume carbon dioxide (CO2).
Cellular respiration is a process by which plants produce energy. It consists of anaerobic (without O2) and aerobic phase(with the presence of O2). During the cellular respiration chemical energy derived from the nutrients (like glucose) is transformed into energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
2. Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in all eukaryotic organisms (photosynthesis only in plants and some microorganisms). The processes of cellular respiration occur in cytosol (glycolysis) and in the mitochondrion of a cell (Krebs cycle and electron transport chain).