25) D hypertonic
23) active transport
Those are the ones I know (sorry I couldn't help with the other ones... I'm studying for my exam) ^-^
Answer:
DNA vaccines consist of DNA vectors or plasmids (small double-stranded DNA rings originally derived from bacteria, but unable to cause infection) into which the genes encoding one or more immunizing proteins of the infectious agent have been inserted causing the disease to be prevented.
Explanation:
Vectors are the functional unit of naked DNA vaccines. Genes that encode the proteins of interest and are of bacterial origin are inserted into these vectors. Bacterial plasmids are circular DNA molecules that self-replicate extrachromosomally in bacteria. The genes encoded in these plasmids are under the control of promoters, almost always of viral origin. When a plasmid is introduced into the cell it translocates to the nucleus, where transcription of the transgene begins; the transcripts are then taken to the cytoplasm and translated there. The newly synthesized proteins are degraded in the proteasome to 8-10 amino acid peptides, which are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides of high affinity with their respective MHC I molecule stabilize and enter the secretory pathway, thus reaching the cell surface, where they are coupled with the T-lymphocyte receptor (TcR) present on the surface of T lymphocytes cytotoxic drugs (CD8 +) to induce their activation.
Answer:
The correct option is <u>B. Lipids</u>
Explanation:
Lipids can be described as molecules which dissolve in non-polar solvents and cannot dissolve in water. The biological function of a lipid molecule is to store energy as well as to structure the shape of cell membranes. Lipids are also used in a cell for signalling.
Lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Some lipids might have phosphorus in them like the phospholipids which make up the cell membrane.
The correct order of phases in the menstrual cycle is;
menses, .estrogenic phase, ovulation, and progestational phase.
The menstrual cycle is complex and is controlled by many different glands and hormones that these glands produce.
There are four phases of menstrual cycle; namely, menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase.
Answer:
During interphase, the cell undergoes normal growth processes while also preparing for cell division. It is the longest phase of the cell cycle, cell spends approximately 90% of its time in this phase.
