Answer:
B. R is dominant to r, and Rr individuals are red.
Explanation:
In genetics the dominant allele is represented by the uppercase letter and the recessive allele is represented by the lower case letter. A dominant allele always shows its dominance over the recessive allele. So in heterozygous condition dominant allele will reflects itself in the phenotype.
Here allele of red color allele is in capital letter and alleles of green color are shown in lower case which means R allele is the dominant allele and r is the recessive allele. Therefore R is dominant to r and in homozygous condition(Rr) red individual will be formed. So the right answer is B.
Answer:
Repair mechanism for base cleavage (BER)
Explanation:
Repair by base cleavage (BER)
The altered bases are specifically recognized by glycosylases and removed, generating an AP site. The hole is filled by a DNA polymerase that takes the healthy strand as a template. This system arises not only by exposure to external agents, but also by the cell's own activity.
In case of damage in more than one nucleotide, repair by nucleotide excision (NER) is performed.
Nucleotide excision repair (NER)
The damaged area is recognized by UvrA and B, then A and B separate and UvrC enters which forms a complex with endonuclease activity with B. This enzyme cuts the T-dimer and the gap is filled by a DNA polymerase. There is also the TC-NER system (transcription-coupled nucleotide repair system). The alteration of these mechanisms gives rise to diseases such as: Xeroderma pigmentosum, Trichotiodystrophy or Cockayne Syndrome
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