The correct answer is C. Texas left the decision of slavery to popular sovereignty, which is essentially popular vote.
Well most of the concepts in these documents were prevalent in previous society's. Representative democracy in Athens. Basic inalienable rights was in the English Bill of Rights. But a big change was the checks and balances of government. i.e how the president can veto congress, the Supreme Court can overturn a veto, and Congress can impeach Supreme Court judges.
The answer is Confucianism. Confucius expressed reverence to the parents, elders, and ancestors as VERY important. According to him, the parent to child relationship is the most important one, for a peaceful society depends good filial piety.