Fillers are words that are part of spoken language but do not contain any meanings. These are usually referred to as unnecessary pauses in speaking such as using the words uhm, uh or er. The best way to avoid using filler words is to plan carefully so that you don't lose your train of thought.
The author described the main character's countrymen as scornful and sometimes doubtful but at the end of the story, the author seems to be pleased with his countrymen.
