The remaining part of the question is as follows:
Increase the dividend payout ratio for the upcoming year.
Increase the percentage of debt in the target capital structure.
Increase the proposed capital budget.
Reduce the amount of short-term bank debt in order to increase the current ratio.
Reduce the percentage of debt in the target capital structure.
Answer: Increase the percentage of debt in the target capital structure.
In this example, john's whistling is serving as a discriminative stimulus.
This procedure, studied by Ivan Pavlov, shows a stimulus ( in this case the action of John's whistling) and a response ( the cattle run to the food trough).
Pavlov studied it with dogs. He realised that when a trainer fed them, dogs salivated. So, he presented the dogs with a "stimulus" ( the sound of a metronome) and when he gave the dogs food. After a few repetitions, when the dog listened to the stimulus, it salivated.
<span>According to Latané and Darley (1968), you will first experience the bystander effect to offer assistance in an emergency. This effect will only happen if the presence of that person is not needed making them feel discouraged to hep further especially if he or she could not help in an emergency situation. The main cause is that there is a clear division of responsibility and social influence.</span>
